Tuesday, June 17, 2025

Are We Living in a White Hole Formed From a Black Hole in a Previous Universe?

In The Theology of Cosmic Self-Replicating Mathematical Information, The Self-Organizing Recursive Cosmos, The Self-Organizing Recursive Cosmos - Part II, What’s It All About? and What's It All About Again?, I outlined my current working hypothesis that our Universe is just one instance in a Multiverse composed of self-replicating mathematical information that has always existed and always will. In my current working hypothesis, this endless creation is facilitated by Lee Smolin's hypothesis that a black hole in one universe can pinch off as a white hole to form a new universe as presented in his classic Life of the Cosmos.

Life of the Cosmos (1997)
https://tkececi.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/the-life-of-the-cosmos.pdf.

This happens for all black holes, but most form a white hole universe that immediately collapses or blows itself apart into nothingness. Only newly-formed white-hole universes that can surpass these hurdles can have a chance of survival. So a newly-formed universe that can survive this process and that is good at making black holes will have a Darwinian advantage over those universes that are not able to do so. This is why the Multiverse should be found to be composed of universes that are very good at producing black holes and which are composed of self-replicating mathematical information that is very suitable for black hole creation.

Figure 1 - In Lee Smolin's the Life of the Cosmos he proposes that the black holes of one universe puncture the spacetime of the universe, causing a white hole to appear in a new universe.

Figure 2 – As the white holes expand.

Figure 3 – They eventually pinch off to form new baby Universes.

Figure 4 - If our Universe is a white hole formed from a black hole in a previous universe, the expansion rate of our Universe varied greatly over the past 13.7 billion years. For example, just after the Big Bang of our white hole, our Universe went through a period of Inflation that expanded the Universe by a factor of 1026 in 10-32 seconds! It then continued to expand at a slowing rate for about 9 billion years. Then about 5 billion years ago, the expansion rate began to increase. In the above figure, this varying rate of expansion is displayed in the curvature of the envelope surrounding our Universe. Notice the dramatic expansion of the envelope during Inflation and that after 9 billion years of expansion, the envelope is now bending upwards as the expansion rate accelerates. Click to enlarge.

The obvious question then becomes, "How could we ever possibly tell if this is true?". The greatest challenge is that black holes famously "have no hair". No matter what you throw into a black hole, black holes only have three distinguishing characteristics - mass-energy, electric charge and angular momentum. The angular momentum of a black hole describes how fast it rotates. Since the net electric charge of all chemically functional universes needs to be zero and the positive mass-energy of all universes that do not immediately collapse into a black hole or blow up into nothingness must match the negative mass-energy of gravitational attraction to make the spacetime of the universe nearly flat, that just leaves angular momentum as the distinguishing characteristic of a black hole. Thus, if anything at all from a previous black hole could be preserved and found in the white hole of a new universe, it would be an inherited net angular momentum. Since all black holes have some degree of angular momentum because things from their home universe fall into the black hole with varying degrees of velocity from many directions, all black holes must have some amount of angular momentum that could be passed on to a child white hole universe.

The recent paper listed below may have just found such a net amount of angular momentum in our Universe that might lend weight to the idea that our Universe is a white hole produced from a black hole in a previous universe.

The distribution of galaxy rotation in JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.18781?utm_source=chatgpt.com

What is Angular Momentum?
Before doing so, we need to review the concept of angular momentum and its conservation when things happen.

Figure 5 – A figure skater has a certain moment of inertia I that is a combination of her mass and how far that mass is from her centerline. The angular momentum L of the figure skater is defined as the product of her moment of inertia I times how fast she is spinning ω.

In the above paper, the authors looked for a net angular momentum in our Universe by looking at the spin of several hundred close and distant galaxies using the James Webb Space Telescope - JWST. The JWST was the ideal choice because it observes galaxies in infrared light and orbits in the L2 Lagrange point of the Earth.

Figure 6 – The James Webb Space Telescope JWST has a large number of sunshades to shield it from light from the Sun and the Earth. This allows it to make long exposures of infrared light without contamination.

Figure 7 – The JWST orbits about the L2 Lagrange point of the Earth. The four Lagrange points about the Earth are those positions where the gravitational tugs by the Sun and the Earth are nearly balanced by the centrifugal forces of orbiting bodies. In the above diagram, we see that at the L2 Lagrange point, the gravitational potentials of the Sun and the Earth have a local minimum. This means that any object at the L2 Lagrange point will tend to stay there and simply orbit about it in a vertical path that is perpendicular to the orbit of the L2 Lagrange point about the Sun. This allows the JWST to remain at the L2 Lagrange point with few orbital corrections that require fuel.

Figure 8 – This allows the JWST to make much better measurements of galactic rotation than Earth-based telescopes. Above, we see two galaxies imaged by the ground-based DES telescope and the JWST.

Figure 9 – Above is a portion of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey used for their study. The galaxies circled in Red are spinning in the same direction as our Milky Way galaxy. The galaxies circled in Blue are spinning in the opposite direction as our Milky Way galaxy. If our Universe had no net angular momentum, the number of Red and Blue galaxies should be roughly the same.

Figure 10 – Above is the complete JWST Deep Field Survey used for their study. Again, if our Universe had no net angular momentum, the number of Red and Blue galaxies should be roughly the same. However, the research team found 105 Red galaxies spinning in the same way as our Milky Way galaxy and 158 Blue galaxies spinning in the opposite direction. The odds of that happening by accident is 0.0007.

Figure 11 – To determine which way galaxies were spinning the research team used deep neural networks and manual interpretation to analyze the galactic images for rotation.

Figure 12 – Above are the 105 galaxies that were found to be spinning like our Milky Way galaxy.

Figure 13 – Above are the 158 galaxies that were found to be spinning in the opposite direction of our Milky Way galaxy.

The significant finding of this paper is that our Universe may have a net amount of angular momentum. It does not seem that our Universe has a net angular momentum of zero as one would expect from an isolated Big Bang origin. The natural question then becomes, "Where did this net angular momentum of our Universe come from?". The authors provide a few possible explanations. The explanation that I favor the most is listed in the paper as a white-hole universe formed by a black hole in a previous universe:

An additional cosmological model that requires the assumption of a cosmological-scale axis is the theory of a rotating Universe. That model is also related to the theory of black hole cosmology, according which the Universe is the interior of a black hole in a parent universe, and therefore is also aligned with the contention of multiverse. Because black holes spin, a universe hosted inside of a black hole is also expected to spin. Therefore, it has been proposed that a universe located in the interior of a black hole should have an axis, and inherit the preferred direction of the host black hole.

Comments are welcome at scj333@sbcglobal.net

To see all posts on softwarephysics in reverse order go to:
https://softwarephysics.blogspot.com/

Regards,
Steve Johnston

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